Nahawun Hausa: Jimla

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Shafin Farko

Siffa

Gabatarwa

Siffa, wacce wasu lokutan ake rubuta ta da sifa, Balarabiyar kalma ce (الصفة) aka Hausantar da ita, wacce za mu iya fassara ta da kama. Wato kamanin abu. A cikin jimla, akwai wasu kalmomi da ke bayyana kamannin suna ko wakilin suna, waɗannan kalmomi su ake kira siffa.

Babban aikin siffa a cikin jimla shi ne kamanta suna ko wakilin suna ta yadda da zarar mai karatu ya ga abin da aka kamanta ɗin, to, zai iya gane shi. Kalmomi irin su gajere, ƙaƙƙarfa, fari, da makamantasu, su suke bayyana shi.

Siffa, takan ɗauki jinsi da kuma jam’i; abin nufi shi ne cewa, akwai siffa namiji da kuma mace, kamar ƙaƙƙarfar mota, da kuma ƙaƙƙarfan doki. Sai kuma jar riga da kuma jajayen riguna, kamar yadda za a gani a nan gaba kaɗan.

Ma’anar Siffa

Masana sun bata ma’ana da cewa “kalma ce da ke bayyana suna”, ko kuma “Kalmomi masu ƙarin bayani game da sunaye”.

Rabe-Raben Siffa

Masana harshen Hausa sun bambanta ƙwarai wajen rarraba siffofi zuwa aji-aji. Saboda haka wannan rubutu zai taƙaitu da waɗanda su masanan suka yi daidaito a kansu. Ga su kamar haka:

  1. Sassauƙar Siffa.
  2. Nanatau.
  3. Siffa Aikatau/’Yar Aikatau.

Sassauƙar Siffa

Siffa ce mai sauƙi, wacce ke da saiwa ɗaya rak. Wato kalma ɗaya ce rak sai kuma ɗafi da take da shi. Ɗafi a nan na nufin ƙarin harafi ko harrufa da ake yi mata dan ta samu ƙarin ma’ana. Kalmomi irin su fari, kore, dogo, gajere, sabo, tsoho, sauƙi da sauransu, duk sauƙaƙan siffofi ne.

  • Saiwa: Far Namiji: Fari Mace: Fara Jam'i: Farare
  • Saiwa: Kor Namiji: Kore Mace: Koriya Jam'i: Koraye
  • Saiwa: Dog Namiji: Dogo Mace: Doguwa Jam'i: Dogwaye
  • Saiwa: Tsoh Namiji: Tsoho Mace: Tsohuwa Jam'i: Tsofaffi
  • Saiwa: Sauƙ Namiji: Sassauƙa Mace: Sauƙaƙƙiya Jam'i: Sauƙaƙa

Misalai a cikin jimloli

  1. Ado ya saka farin wando.
  2. Musa ya saka farar riga.
  3. Ado da musa sun saka fararen sutura.
  4. Mun samu sassauƙan aiki.
  5. Mun bi sassauƙar hanya.
  6. Mun samu sauƙaƙan ayyuka.

Siffa Nanatau

Siffa ce da ake maimaita kalmomin siffar a cikinta. Wato kalma ce guda amma ake maimaita ta sau biyu. Sannan kuma bata ɗaukar jinsi. Kalmomin buhu-buhu, jeri-jeri, kwando-kwando, iri-iri, da makamantansu, duk siffofi ne nanatau. Misali:

  1. Na ga timatir Kwando-kwando.
  2. Ya sayo shinkafa buhu-buhu.

Siffa Aikatau

Siffa aikatau ko Siffa ‘yar aiki, siffa ce da take samuwa daga aikatau. Wato aikatau ne yake haifar da ita. Kalmomi irin su ratayayye, wankakke, gyararre, gogagge, ƙonanne, da sauransu, duk siffofi ne da suka samo asali daga aikatau. Kuma suna ɗaukar jinsi da kuma jam’i.

  • Aikatau: Rataya Namiji: Ratayayye Mace: Ratayayyiya Jam'i: Ratayayyu
  • Aikatau: Wanki Namiji: Wankakke Mace: Wankakkiya Jam'i: Wankakku
  • Aikatau: Guga Namiji: Gogagge Mace: Gogaggiya Jam'i: Gogaggu
  • Aikatau: Ƙuna Namiji: Ƙonanne Mace: Ƙonanniya Jam'i: Ƙonannu
  • Aikatau: Gyrarre Namiji: Gyararre Mace: Gyararriya Jam'i: Gyararru

Misali a cikin jimla

  1. Ado, ɗauko min ratayayyen wandon can.
  2. Ado ɗauko min ratayayyiyar rigar can.
  3. Ado ɗauko min ratayayyun rigunan can.
  4. Musa gogaggen direba ne.
  5. Binta gogaggiyar direba ce.
  6. Musa da Binta gogaggun direbobi ne.

Siffa, kama ce da ke bayyana suna. Masana sun rarraba siffa zuwa kashi-kashi da dama, amma sun yi tarayya a kan, sassauƙar siffa wacce ke da saiwa ɗaya kuma take ɗaukar jinsi da jam’i, siffa nanatau wacce ake maimaita kalmar, ita bata ɗaukar jinsi da jam’i. Sai kuma siffa aikatau ko ‘yar aiki wacce take samuwa daga aikatau kuma tana ɗaukar jinsi da jam’i.

Manazarta:

Bunza A.M. (2002). Rubutun Hausa Yadda Yake da Yadda Ake Yin Sa Don Masu Koyo da Koyarwa. Irshad Islamic Publication Cetre LTD. 31, Adelabu Street, Surulere, Lagos-Najeriya.

Jinju M.H. (1981). Rayayyen Nahawun Hausa. Northern Nigerian Publishing Company Limited.

Sani M.A.Z. (1999). Tsarin Sauti da Nahawun Hausa. University Press PLC, Ibadan - Najeriya.

Sani M.A.Z., Muhammad A., da Rabeh B. (2000). Exam Focus Hausa Language Don Masu Rubuta Jarabawar WASSCE da SSCE. University Press PLC, Ibadan - Najeriya.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M., da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M. (1992). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire 1. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M., da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M. (1992). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire 3. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Zarruƙ R.M., Kafin Hausa A. A. da Alhassan B.S.Y. (1987). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Biyu. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria

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