Jihadin Shehu Ɗanfodiye

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Jihadin Shehu Ɗanfodiye


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Jihadi shi ne yaƙi dan ɗaukaka addinin Musulunci wanda kuma aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci da kuma tarin lada a addinin Musulunci. Tun kafin bayyanar Shehu a Ƙasar Hausa an samu wasu malamai da suka yi yunƙurin wannan jihadi a Ƙasar Hausa amma dai Allah bai basu ikon kafa daula ba har sai da Shehu Usmanu ya zo. Malamai irin su Alhaji Jibirilu ɗan Umar, Usmanu Binduwa da kuma Abdulkarim Almagili, sun yi nasu ƙoƙarin, amma dai Allah cikin hikimarsa ya nufi cewa, Shehu ne zai wannan aiki.

Wannan Jahadi na Shehu Usmanu bn Fodiye an yi shi a cikin shekaru 43 (1188 – 1231 hijra), wanda ya fara daga garin Ɗagel, ya kuma ƙare a garin Sakkwato. Shekaru 30 na kira da hijira, shekaru 13 kuma na yaƙi.

Idan kuwa aka jihadi a wannan rubutu da mai karatu ke karantawa to ana nufin yin bayani ne game da yaƙuƙuwan da Shehu Mujaddadi ya yi a rayuwarsa dan jaddada addinin Musulunci abin da ya kai ga kafa Daular Musulunci mai cibiya a Sakkwato.

Yaƙuƙuwa


Filin Yaƙin Jihadi na Garin 'Yandotto

Bayan hijirar Shehu, daga Ɗagel zuwa Gudu, sai sarkin Gobir ya bayar da umarni cewa, duk wanda aka samu zai bi Shehu, a kama shi. Wannan umarni ya saka aka riƙa musgunawa jama’ar Shehu da dukkan nau’ukan bala’o’i da suka haɗa da ƙwace dukiya, har zuwa kisa, har ta kai ga ana tura rundunar yaƙi zuwa ga Shehu shi kuma Shehu yana kawar da kai daga wannan. Ganin haka ta saka Musulmi gina ganuwar da ta kewaye garin Gudu dan samun kariya. Suka kuma tura runduna zuwa gefen gari har zuwa gefen garuruwan kafirai. A irin haka suka ci karo da wata runduna ta kafirai a gefen wani gari mai suna Giniƙ, suka yaƙe ta kuma suka yi nasara. Wannan shi ne yaƙin almajiran Shehu na farko kamar yadda Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello ya ruwaito.

Sannan a karo na biyu cikin watan Rabi’ul Awwal, wata rundunar kafirai ta sake tunkaro jama’ar Musulmi, wanda wannan ta saka jama’ar Musulmi tayar da tasu rundunar ta tafi gunda waɗannan mayaƙa su ke, aka gwabza yaƙi a wannan daren har ta kai ga Musulmi sun fatattaki kafirai har gidajensu. A wannan yaƙi ladanin Shehu malam Ahmad Saudani ya yi shada tare da sauran shahidai. Haka yaƙuƙuwa suka ci gaba, garuruwa irin su Matankara, Kunni (Ƙwanni); wannan gari birni ne babba na baƙaƙe, Kutu (كُتُو ) wacce yanzu ake kira da Koto; yaƙin da Musulmi suka yi rinjaye da gagarumar nasara; shi ne yaƙin ranar rarrabewa, ranar da rundunoni biyu suka haɗu. Tun da farko, bayan ganin abin da ya faru a yaƙin Ƙwanni, sai sarkin Gobir Yunfa ya tura takardar neman taikon mayaƙa (sojoji) zuwa ga sarakunan Katsina, Kano, Zazzau, Daura da kuma Azbin (ƙasar buzaye); waɗanda dukkansu ƙasashe ne da ke maƙwabta da ƙasar Gobir a wancan zamanin. Suka kuma amsa masa ta hanyar aike masa da mayaƙa.

Bayan wannan gangami na sojojin haɗaka sun haɗu, sai aka gwabza yaƙin da ya kai ga baiwa Musulmi gagarumar nasarar da ta tarwatsa wannan runduna har ta kai ga shi Yunfa da kansa ya tsere ya bar komai nasa da suka haɗada takobinsa, takalmansa, karagarsa, da sauran su. Bayan ƙare yaƙin da gagarumar nasara, Musuli sun koma ga Shehu cikin aminci.

Haka nan an yi yaƙi a da garuruwan Mani (مَنِي ), Magabshi; garin da Shehu ya rubuta wasiƙunsa zuwa ga sarakunan Ƙasar Hausa. A cikin wannan wasiƙa ya nuna musu yadda gaskiya ke yin nasara a kan ƙarya, raya sunna da kuma ruguje bidi’a. Ya kuma neme su da tsarkake addinin Allah, su kuma guje wa dukkan abin da ya saɓa wa shari’a, da taimaka wa kiransa da kuma daina amsa gayyatar maƙiyan sa, da kuma cewa idan fa basu taimake shi ba, to ƙarshen su ya zo saboda alƙawarin Allah na taimakon gaskiya a kan ƙarya.

Da wannan wasiƙa ta je hannun sarkin Katsina, bayan ya kalle ta sai ya yayyaga ta. Haka nan ma sarkin Kano ya aikata. Shi kuwa sarkin Zazzau, sai ya amsa kiran Shehu. Da jama’ar sa suka yi masa tawaye, sai ya yaƙe su. Bayan rasuwar sarkin na Zazzau, sai jama’ar suka sake fanɗarewa, sai Shehu ya tura Malam Musa tare da rundunar yaƙi suka yaƙe su.

An kuma sake komawa Gobir da yaƙi, sai kuma yaƙin Tsuntsuwa sai kuma aka sake komawa garuruwan Zamfara aka ci su da yaƙi. Sai garuruwan Daura, Shikari, Muradun, Dufuwar Mafara, da Kabi. Yaƙi ya ci gaba zuwa manyan garuruwa kamar irin su Kano, ‘Yandoto, Katsina, Barno, Bauchi, Daura, Gombe, Adamawa, da sauran su.

Babbar nasarar da ta kawo kafuwar wannan daula ita ce yaƙin da Muhammadu Ballo ya yi da Alƙalawa, ya shiga garin ya kashe sarkin garin Yunfa. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka ci Zazzau da yaƙi.

Bayan nan kuma sai Zabarma, da Garumi, da ƙasar Nafi, aka kuma ƙara cin Barno da yaƙi, da dai sauran yaƙuƙuwa masu tarin yawa.

Bayan dukkan waɗannan yaƙuƙuwa da ma wasu masu tarin yawa da aka yi wasu Shehu da almajiransa su yi galaba wasu kuma a yi galaba a kan su, wannan jihadi ya yi nasarar kafa Daular Musulunci mai cibiya a Sakkwato. Yaƙin ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru goma sha uku ana yin sa.

Ɗauraya

Jihadi, shi ne yaƙi dan ɗaukaka kalmar Allah. Bayan korar Shehu daga garin Ɗagel da sarkin Gobir Yunfa ya yi, zuwa Gudu, aka shata dagar yaƙin da ya ɗauki shekaru 13 ana yin sa; wanda kuma ya kai ga kashe shi Yunfa a cikin garinsa na Alƙalawa kuma a cikin gidansa, abin da ya kawo karyewar ƙarshe ta wannan daula ta Gobir da kuma kafa sabuwar daular Musulunci wacce ke da cibiya a Sakkwato ƙarƙashin Shehu Usmanu bn Fodiye mai ɗauke da tutar Islama.

Manazarta:


Adamu A. da Gwadabe M.M. (2005). Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III The 19th  Sultan of Sokoto The Bridge Builder. Amana Publishing LTD., 4, Sokoto Road, Zariya, Kaduna – Nijeriya.

Ballo M. (1974). Infaƙul Maisuri Fii Taarikhi Bilaadittukruur. Daarul Kutub, 1974.

Boyi U.M. (Ba shekarar bugu). Mallam Abdullahi Ɗan Fodiyo Rayuwarsa da Ayyukansa. K.U.B. Printing Press Sokoto Nigeria.

Bukhari J. (1954). Nubzatun Ƙasiiratun Ala Taariikhi Sakkwato (Rubutun Hannu cikin Harshen Larabci).

Idris M. B. (2013). From Maratta to Sokoto. Sultanate Council, Sokoto - Nigeria.

Last M. (1977). The Sokoto Caliphate. Longman Group LTD., London. An buga a Maɗaba’ar Sheck War Tang, Hong Kong.

Waziri Junaidu. (Ba kwanan wata). Labɗul Multaƙaɗaati Minal Akhbaaril Muftariƙatu Fil Mu’allifaati. (Rubutun Hannu Cikin Harshen Larabci).


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