Shafin Farko

Dabarun Karantar da Yara Masu Larurar Hankali


Gabatarwa

Masana fannin karantarwa da kuma ilimin musamman, sun samar da hanyoyi da dama na karantar da yara masu larurar hankali. Ga wasu kaɗan daga ciki kamar yadda na naƙalto daga Dakta Adekunle (2012):

  1. Fishiyolojikal Mesod (Physiological Method): Salo ne na karantar da yara masu larurar hankali wanda ya bayar da kulawa wajen haɓɓaka sassan shigarwa (Imperfect sense organs) da suke da matsala, ta hanyar karantarwa da kuma bayar da horon sana’a.
  2. An samar da wannan salo ko dabarar karantarwa tun cikin tsakiyar ƙarni na goma sha tara. Wani masani mai suna Edward Sequin ne ya samar da shi. Ya yi amfani da dabarar bayar da ayyukan gwaji (exercise) akai-akai wajen gogar da yara game da yin amfani da sassan ji, gani, taɓawa da kuma na jin ɗanɗano.

  3. Salon Bayar da Dama (Permissiveness Method): Salo ne da yake bayar da damar amfani da kayan wasa (Toys) wajen karantar da yara masu larurar hankali. Shahararriyar masaniyar ilimin fizis (Physics), kuma dandaƙaƙƙiyar malamar makaranta, Dakta Maria Mentossori, ita ta samar da wannan salo.
  4. Salon Aikawata (Project Method): Salo ne da ya mayar da hankali wajen amfani da ayyukan hannu masu tarin yawa tare kuma da danganta su da ƙudurorin darrsuna koyarwa (Academic subject matter), haɗe da ayyukan ɗakunan aikace-aikace (Workshops crafts) da kuma ayyukan tattalin gida (Home economics).
  5. John Ducan, shi ya gano wannan salon. Wato wannan salon karantarwa na John, yana mayar da hankali ne wajen bayar da ayyukan da suka shafi rayuwa, sannan kuma suke ƙunshe cikin ƙudurorin wasu darrusan da suka shafi fasaha, waɗanda idan an karantar a aji, za kuma a tafi ɗakin aiki (Workshop) a yi shi a aikace tare kuma da dacewarsu da ayyukan kula da gida (Home economic). Misali, yankan katako, wayarin na gida da sauransu, abubuwa ne da ke cikin manhajojin karantarwa, sannan kuma manufar darrusan ita ce ɗalibai su koyi yanka katako ko haɗa wayarin na lantarki a ilimance da kuma a aikace, daga ƙarshe kuma ana fatan wannan ya zamarwa ɗalibi sana’a.

    Waɗannan su ne alaƙoƙin da wannan salon karantarwa yake son yara masu larurar hankali su koya ba tare da an karantar da su ba.

  6. Salon Sadarwa na Musayar Hoto (Picture Exchange Communication System – PECs): Salo ne da yake bayyana dukkanin ayyukan da za a yi ta cikin hoto. A nan, duk abin da ake son koyar da yaro za a zana hoton abin ne tun daga matakin farko har zuwa na ƙarshe. Misali, tsallaka titi, za a nuna fitar yaro daga gida,  sannan kuma gashi tsaye bakin titi yana duba dama, sannan a nuna zuwan mota tare da jinkirtawarsa, sannan a nuna gotawar mota, sannan a nuna tsallakawar yaron, duk a cikin hotuna.
  7. Misaltawa/Kwatantawa (Boy Sign): Salo ne da mai karantarwa yake furta aiki sannan kuma yana kwatantawa ko misaltawa. Misali, idan ana so a karantar da yaro barci, za a furta kalmar barci da baki, sannan kuma za misalta yin barci ta hanyar karkatar da kai a kan tafin hannu tare kuma da rufe idanuwa.
  8. Salon Wasa (Play Method): Salo ne da mai karantarwa yake karantar da yara ta hanyar nishaɗantar da su da rawa da waƙa.

Manazarta:


Alhassan F.A. (2015). A Guide in Special Education. Tamasi Computers, Kano, Nigeria.

Child Care Law Centre (1990). Caring for Children With Speciall Need: The Americans With Disablities Act and Childe Care. Child Care Law Centre, USA. 10016, Deekay Printers, India.

National Council of Educational Research and Training (2001). Education of Children With Special Needs. Sri, Aurobinda Marg, New Delhi.

Federal Ministry of Education (2015). National Policy on Special Needs Education. Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja, Nigeria.

National Teachers Institute (2000). NCE/DLS Course Book On Education Cycle 4. National Teachers Institute, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Repp A.C. da Coutinho M.J. (2008). Special Education. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.