Dokokin Manyan Laifuka (Criminal Law)

Gabatarwa

Fanninshari’a,fanni ne da ke bada muhimmiyar gudunmawa wajen zamantakewar al’umma. Shi ne fannin da ke samar da daidaito a tsakankanin jama’a ta hanyar bai wa kowa haƙƙin da ya dace da shi.

Kiriminal law, ɗaya ne daga cikin fannonin shari’a, wanda ya ke kula da dukkan abin da ya shafi manyan laifuffuka, kamawa tun daga fassara menene shi babban laifin, samar da hanyoyin da za a binciki wanda ake tuhuma da aikata shi, samar da hanyoyin yin tuhumar, da kuma ƙarshe uwa-uba hukunta wanda aka tabbatar da ya aikata babban laifin. Babbar moriyar da ake ci da wannan fanni na shari’a ita ce samar da ingantacciyar al’umma mai cike da zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali wacce ke da tsaro da kuma doka da oda.

Ma’anar Dokokin Manyan laifuka

Ita dai wannan kalma ta Kiriminal law, Kalmar Turanci ce da ake rubutata da “Criminal Law”, wacce aka bata fassararori da dama bisa dogaro da wanda ya fassara ɗin. Kaɗan daga ciki akwai:

Ƙunshin doka, wanda ke fassara manyan laifuffuka, kuma yake kulawa da tuhuma tare da tsare masu aikata laifuffukan, sannan kuma yake samar da horo da kuma yadda za a aiwatar da horon a kan wanda doka ta tabbatar da laifinsa, (Britannica, 2010).

A ta wata fuskar kuma, Kiriminal Law, Sashen shari’a ne wanda ke fassara laifuffuka, sannan kuma yake tanadar horo, da kuma kula da bincike da gufaranar da wanda ake zargi da aikata mugun laifi (Daniel, 2009).

Haka nan kuma shafin Wikipedia (2016), ya fassara shi a matsayin ƙunshin dokar da ya shafi laifuffuka. Shi ke hukunta cuɗanya tare kuma da haramta dukkan abin da ka iya zama barazana, ko cutarwa, ko wanin waɗannan kamar cutarwa ta fuskacin dukiya, lafiya ko tsaro ko kuma cutar dakyawawan halayenjama’a, ciki kuma har da ladabtar da mutanen da suka keta haddin waɗannan dokokin.

Wannan fanni na shari’a, na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyi da al’ummomin da suka ci gaba suke amfani da shi wajen samar da tsaron rayuka da dukuyoyin jama’arsu. Babban makami ce da ke wanzar da zaman lafiya a tsakankanin jama’a.

Rabe-Raben Dokokin Manyan laifuka

Kiriminal law ya kasu gida biyu: Akwai ‘Misdemeanors’ da kuma ‘Felonies. Shi na farko, wato ‘misdemeanor’ laifi ne da doka take yi masa kallon laifin da bai girmama ba, duk da cewa babban laifi ne. irin waɗannan laifuffuka sun haɗa da cin zarafin wani, keta dokar hanya, ko wata ‘yar ƙaramar sata. Hukunce-hukuncen da doka ta tanada dangane da waɗannan laifuffuka sukan saɓa daga guri-zuwa-guri, amma dai abu ne mai wahala a yankewa wanda ya aikata wannan laifin hukuncin da ya haura shekara guda a gidan kaso.

Shi kuwa ‘felony’, laifi ne babba. Misalan irin waɗannan laifuffuka akwai kisan kai, fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, faɗe, fashi-da-makami, da makamantansu. Hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi waɗannan laifuffuka sukan fara daga shekara ɗaya a gidan jarum har zuwa kisa ta hanyar rataye, harbi, ko wanin haka.

Manazarta:

Daniel D.L. (2009). Criminal Law. Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.

Encyclopædia Britannica. (2010). Criminal law. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite, Chicago.

Schubert J. (2016). Definition of Criminal Law. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: study.com/academy/lesson/What-is-criminal-law-definition-purpose-types-cases.html

Wikipedia (2016). Cirminal Law. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: https:en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/criminal-law.