Rumbun Ilimi - Wasan Kwaikwayo

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Wasan Kwaikwayo


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Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna; Wasan Kwaikwayo wasa ne da ake kwaikwayar wani abu wanda ka iya zama hali, ko wani aiki da wani mutum, jama’a, ko wata al’umma ke yi. Masana da dama sun yi rubutu a wannan fage na wasan kwaikwayo.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M., da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M (1992), sun fassara shi da cewa, “Wasan kwaikwayo kamance ne na halaye ko yanayin rayuwa da mutane masu hikima su ke shirya gudanar da shi don jama’a su gani da idonsu, su samu nishaɗi da jin daɗi”.

Wato shi wasan kwaikwayo wasa ne da ake shirya shi ta hanyar kwaikwayar yadda wasu jama’a ke yin wani abu, ko dai da nufin shi wasan ya zama hanyar gargaɗar mutane dangane da wani abu da zai cutar da su, ko kuma ya nishaɗantar da su, ko kuma ya ilimantar da su game da wani abu. Misali, idan muka ɗauki littafin wasan marafa na Abubakar Tunau, za mu ga cewa yana karantar da tsafta ne; wanda a ciki aka bayyana muhimmancin tsafta da kuma hatsarin rashin tsafta.

Rabe-Raben Wasan Kwaikwayo

A dunƙule, wasan kwaikwayo ya rabu gida biyu:
  1. Na gargajiya: Shi ne wasan kwaikwayon da aka gada tun kaka-da-kakanni. Ana gudanar da wasannin kwaikwayon gargajiya ta hanyoyi da yawa, daga ciki akwai kiɗan ‘yan’kama, wasan bori, wasannin tashe kamar wasan Mairama da Daudu, da sauransu.
  2. Na zamani: Wasan kwaikwayo na zamani shi ne wanda aka same shi bayan zuwan turawa. Ana gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na zamani ta hanyar radiyo, talabijin, da kuma yinsa a aikace a gaban jama’a a fili ko a kan dandamali (stage).

Amfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo

Wasan kwaikwayo yana da tarin fa’idoji. Daga cikinsu akwai:

  1. Raya al’adu.
  2. Nishaɗantarwa.
  3. Ilimantarwa.
  4. Gargaɗi.
  5. Wayar da kan jama’a game da wani abu.
  6. Fito da wasu abubuwa da ke damun jama’a a fili.

Nazarin Wasan Kwaikwayo

Manazarcin wasan kwaikwayo zai kula da abubuwa kamar haka:
  1. Jigo: Shi ne tushen labarin da aka gina wasan kwaikwayon a kansa. Misali, a littafin Wasan Marafa wanda Abubakar Tunau ya rubuta, jigon wasan shi ne Ilimantarwa.

    A wannan gaɓa ta jigo, Farfesa Ɗangambo (1984), ya jero wasu jiguna a littafinsa kamar haka:

    • Gyaran hali, gargaɗi da nishaɗi. Misali, Uwar Gulma na Muhd. Sada, da kuma Matar Mutum Kabarinsa na Bashari Faruƙ.
    • Wayar da kai. Misali, Wasan Marafa na Abubakar Tunau.
    • Nishaɗi da Ban-dariya. misali, Tabarmar Kunya na Ɗangoggo da Dauda Kano.
    • Raya al’adu, tarihi da halayyar lokaci. Misali, Shaihu Umar na Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa/Umar Ladan, ds. Sai kuma Wasannin Yara na Umaru Dembo.
    • Bayyana matalolin al’umma. Misali, Auren tilas, almubazzaranci, cin hanci, mugunta, son kai, da sauransu.

    Kenan a taƙaice muna iya cewa jigon wasan kwaikwayo shi ne manufar wasan, wanda kuma shi ke fito da saƙon da wasan ke son isarwa a fili. Ta hanyar jigo ne ake iya gane saƙon da ke ƙunshe cikin wasan kwaikwayo.

  2. Warwarar Jigo: Warwar jigo na nufin yadda za a bi a warware saƙon da ke cikin wasan a fili kowa ya fahimce shi. Ko kuma ana iya cewa warwarar jigo ita ce bayani daki-daki da ake yi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo don saƙon ya fito fili, masu kallo su fahimce shi. In aka ce saƙo a nan ana nufin jigo. Misali, a littafin wasan Marafa, jigon wasan mun ce shi ne ilimantarwa. Saƙon da ake son isarwa kuma shi ne a cirewa Marafa duhun jahilcin da yake da shi game da asibiti. Saboda haka duk da jahilcin da Marafa yake da shi a nan, sai da marubucin ya yi ƙoƙari ya cire masa jahilcin asibiti, sannan ya ɗauke shi ya kai shi asibiti, aka kuma ɗura masa ilimin da ake da buƙata ya samu dangane da tsafta. Idan aka lura za a ga an warware jigon, kuma saƙon ya isa.
  3. Zubi da Tsari/Salo: Zubi da tsari ko salo a nan, yana nufin irin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, al’adu da kuma yadda aka shimfiɗa tsarin fitowa-fitowa ko gida-gida a cikin wasan.

    Idan muka nazarci Wasan Marafa, za mu taras cewa, marubucin littafin ya yi amfani da harshe mai sauƙi wajen rubuta wasan; abin nufi, ya yi amfani da kalmomin da masu karatu za su samu sauƙin karantawa tare kuma da ganewa. Haka nan ma ta fuskacin al’ada, ya yi amfani da asalin yadda al’adun Bahaushe suke kafin yaɗuwar ilimi; wato asalin yanayin zaman Bahaushe. Haka nan jejjera fitowa-fitowa ta wasan, an jejjera su yadda suka da ce. Idan aka lura za a ga cewa wasan ya fara ne daga gida, sai gona, sai kuma tafiya cikin gari inda ya haɗu da boka, haɗuwarsa da yara a cikin gari, zuwan ɗandoka, sai kuma makaranta, sai asibiti inda aka yi wa Marafa Magani, daga ƙarshe kuma wasan ya sake komawa gidan Marafa.

    Idan aka lura dukkan waɗannan gurare da suka fito a wannan wasa sun jone da junansu. Fita daga gida ita ta kai shi gamuwa da boka, da kuma gamuwa da yara wacce ta haifar da faɗan da ya sabauta zuwan ɗandoka. Zuwan ɗandoka kuma shi ne silar zuwan Marafa Makaranta, zuwan Marafa makaranta kuma shi ne silar saduwa da malamin asibiti, saduwa da malamin asibiti kuma ita ce silar ilimantar da Marafa da iyalansa game da muhimmanci tsafta da kuma illar zama da ƙazanta. Za mu ga salon wasan ya tsaru tsaf, ba bauɗiya.

  4. Tauraro: Tauraron wasan kwaikwayo shi ne wanda ya fi yawan fitowa a cikin wasan sannan kuma ya bayyanar da haƙiƙanin saƙon da ke cikin wasan. Misali, a cikin Wasan Marafa idan aka lura za a ga cewa Marafa shi ne tauraron wasan. Ya zama tauraron wasan ne saboda yawan fitowarsa a cikin wasan da kuma cewa shi ne ya karɓi saƙon. Ta hanyar abubuwan da suka gudana da shi aka fahimci jigon wasan. Saboda shi aka ilimantar a cikin wasan.

Manazarta:


Ɗangambo A. (1984). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhimmancisa ga Rayuwar Hausawa. Maɗaba’ar Kamfanin ‘Triumph’ Gidan Sa’adu Zungur, Kano.

Junaidu I. da ‘Yar’Aduwa T.M. (2002). Harshen da Adabin Hausa a Kammale, Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire. Spectrum Books Limited, Ring Road, Ibadan - Nigeria.

Tunau A. (1949). Wasan Marafa. Northern Nigerian Publishing Company LTD. Zariya – Nijeriya.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M., da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M. (1992). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire 1. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Zarruƙ R.M., Kafin Hausa A. A. da Alhassan B.S.Y. (1987). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Biyu. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Zarruƙ R.M., Kafin Hausa A. A. da Alhassan B.S.Y. (1987). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Uku. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.


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