Mark Zuckerberg

---

Mark Ellion Zuckerberg
Hoto: Engadget

Gabatarwa

Mark Zuckerberg, mutum ne mai basira tare kuma da kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa. Magini ko maƙirƙirin softuwaya (Programmer); hamshaƙin ɗan kasuwa; riƙaƙƙen attajiri wanda yake riƙe da kambun na takwas a jerin masu kuɗin duniya na shekarar 2019 (Forbes, 2019). Ba-Amirke ne shi mai shekaru 35 (1984 – 2019) a duniya. Shi ne maƙirƙirin shafin sada zumunta mafi shahara a duniya a halin yanzu (2019); wato Fesbuk. Shafin da ya bashi damar shiga cikin sahun mutane masu matuƙar faɗa-a-ji a duniya tare da samar da guraben ayyukan yi ga dubban miliyoyin mutane a faɗin duniya daga kowane jinsi da kuma kowace irin ƙabila. Kuma shi mutum ne mai son barkwanci. Tirƙashi! Hantsi, leƙa gidan kowa. Gyarta zama ka sha labarin wannan gamatoron magina softuwaya.

Mar Zukerberg yana busa ƙaho

Haihuwa

An haifi Mark Zuckerberg a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 1984, a garin White Plains ya kuma taso a garin Dobbs Ferry dukkan su a cikin jahar New York a Tarayyar Jahohin Amurka (U.S.A.).

Shi ɗa ne ga Edward Zuckerberg wanda shi kuma masannin fannin lafiya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin haƙori. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Karen, wadda ita ma dai ma’aikaciyar lafiya ce wadda ta ƙware a fannin duba masu larurar hankali. Cikakken sunansa shi ne Mark Ellion Zuckerberg.

Mark, shi ne ɗa na biyu a wajen mahaifansa. Yana da ‘yan’uwa mata guda uku; Randi, Donna, da Arielle.

Karatu

Duk da cewa, Mark Zuckerberg ya yi karatu tun daga matakin farko; daga elimantare (Elementary School), makarantar midil (Middle School), hai sukul (High School) har zuwa jami’a, kamar yadda yake a tsarin karatun Ƙasar Amurka, abin da ya fi bayyana shi ne sunayen hai sukul (Kwatankwacin Babbar Sikandire a Najeriya) ɗin da ya halasta da kuma jami’arsa ta Harvard.

Mark Zuckerberg ya fara karatunsa na hai sukul a makarantar Ardsley High School inda kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya canja sheƙa zuwa makarantar Phillips Exeter Academy; makarantar kuɗi, inda ya samu nasarar kammala karatunsa tare da karɓar kyauta a darrusan lissafi (math), kimiyyar samaniya (astronomy) da kuma fisiks (Chidurala, 2016; Zipkin, 2018; Bellis, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019).

Bayan kammala wannan makaranta ne kuma ya samu nasarar shiga katafariyar jami’ar Harvard a cikin shekarar 2002 domin samun digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan’adam da kuma kimiyyar kwamfuta; psychology and computer science, karatun da ya bari domin raɗin-kansa a mataki na biyu; wato 200L kenan a Turance, wanda suke kira sophomore year a Turance, a cikin shekarar 2004 (Encyclopaedia Bratinnica, 2019).

Mark Zuckerberg a Jami'ar Harvard
Hoto: academicwriting.org

Ƙari a kan waɗancan makarantu da Mark Zuckerberg ya halarta, mahafinsa da kansa ya karantar da shi yaren kwamfuta mai suna Atari BASIC Programming, daga baya kuma ya ɗaukar masa malami guda, David Newman da shima ya riƙa karantar da shi gina softuwayar kwamfuta (Biography, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019). Haka nan kuma ya halarci wani horo na musamman a makarantar Mercy College (Wikipedia, 2019), duk dai domin ya samu ƙwarewa a kan wannan harka ta gina softuwayar kwamfuta, wanda kuma daga ƙarshe, kwalliya ta biya kuɗin sabulu.

Gina Softuwaya

"Wasu yaran suna wasa da softuwayar wasanni (Games) ta kwamfuta wadda Mark ya ƙirƙira" a ta bakin Jose Antonio Vargas, wanda na ruwatio daga Wikipedia (2019).

Labarin da ya fi shahara, shi ne cewa, tun Mark Zuckerberg yana ɗan shekara 12 ya fara gina ko ƙirƙirar softuwayar kwamfuta. Ya zo cewa, ya gina wa mahaifinsa wata softuwayar sadarwa mai suna ZuckNet (Chidurala, 2016; Tarɓer, 2018; Zipkin, 2018; Bellis, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019; Encyclopaedia Bratannica, 2019), wanda mahaifin nasa ya riƙa amfani da ita wajen sadarwa tsakaninsa da ma’aikatan asibitinsa na kula da haƙora. Haka nan kuma suma sauran mutanen gidansu sun riƙa amfani da softuwayar wajen sadarwa a tsakaninsu.

Mark Zuckerberg yana jawabi a gaban dubban jama'a

Haka nan kuma a lokacin zaman karatunsa a babbar makarantar Exeter, ya ƙirƙiri wata softuwayar sauraron sauti wanda ya saka wa suna Synapse Media Player. Wannan softuwaya ta zo da wata fasaha ta musamman da ta riƙa amfani da fasahar nan ta Artificial Intelligence (Fasaha ce da ke bai wa na’ura damar koyon karatu kamar mutum mai hankali. Sai dai, har yanzu wannan fasaha bat agama bunqasa ba. Misali, gane bambancin rubutun yatsa da kwamfuta ke yi, aiki ne na hankali. Dabba ba za ta iya bambance zanen yatsun hannu ba) wajen kula da waƙoƙin da mai amfani da ita ya fi saurara sannan kuma ta yi masa tayin wasu waƙoƙin ko zai saurara. Wannan softuwaya da ya ƙirƙira ta ja hankalin manya-manyan maƙirƙira softuwaya na duniya kamar irin su Microsoft da kuma AOL inda suka nemi ya sayar musu da fasahar tare kuma da ɗaukar hayar sa domin ya riƙa yi musu aiki. Amma sai shi Mark Zuckerberg ya yi fatali da wannan tayi nasu, ya saki wannan softuwaya kyauta domin amfanin al’umma sannan kuma ya garzaya zuwa jami’ar Harvard ya zama ɗalibi a can (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019; Bellis, 2019).

Shigarsa Harvard ke da wuya, sai Mark Zuckerberg ya kama sana’arsa, abin da ya saka shi samun suna a wannan katafariyar jami’a kuma a wannan fanni nasa na ƙirƙirar softuwaya. Daga 2002 zuwa 2004 da ya tsunduma a wannan makaranta, Mark Zuckerberg ya ƙirƙiri wasu softuwaya guda biyu; CourseMatch da FaceMash. Ta farkon, wato CourseMatch, tana bai wa ɗalibai damar zaɓar aji ta hanyar yanke hukunci bisa la’akari da zaɓukan wasu ɗaliban tare kuma da taimaka musu wajen haɗa zauren karatu (Study Group). Ita kuma ta biyun, wadda ya ƙirƙir bayan ta farkon ba da jimawa ba,  tana bai wa ɗalibai damar zaɓar mutum mafi kyawun fuska daga zaɓuɓɓukan hotuna (Tarver, 2018; Bellis, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019). Daga ƙarshe, jami’ar tasa ta haramta masa ci gaba da wallafa wannan softuwaya tasa.

Kada mage, ba yanka ba, yana nan dai a ɗakin nasa na kwana a wannan jami’a ta Harvard, ya sanar da abokan zamansa a ɗaki; Chris Hughes, ɗalibi da yake nazarin tarihi da adabi (Literature and history major); Billy Olson, wanda shi kuma yake karantar Theater da kuma Dustin Moskoɓitz, wanda shi kuma yake karantar tsimi (Economics), wata sabuwar softuwayar da yake aiki a kanta, waɗanda suma daga ƙarshe suka bi ayari suka taya shi. Inda daga ƙarshe a ranar 2 ga watan Fabarairun shekarar 2004, suka shelanta samuwar shafin sada zumunta mai suna TheFacebook daga wannan ɗaki nasu na makaranta.

Fuskar Febsuk na Farko (27/05/2004)
Hoto: businessinsider.com

Tun daga wanna rana ta 2 ga watan Fabarairu, waɗannan ‘yan makaranta guda huɗu suka riƙa gudanar da wannan shafi na sada zumunta a cikin makaranta. Shafin da ya riƙa bai wa ɗalibai dama suna buɗe shafi, su wallafa hotunansu tare kuma da tattaunawa a tsakaninsu har zuwa watan Juli na shekarar 2004.

Barin Mark Zuckerberg Makaranta

Daga ƙarshe, lokacin da al’amura suka bunƙasa, sai Mark Zuckerberg ya yanke shawarar haƙura da karatun neman digiri a bisa raɗin kansa. Lokacin saura shekaru biyu suka rage masa ya kamala karatun nasa tare da karɓar takardar shedar digiri.

Mark Zuckerberg
Hoto: ABC News

Bayan fitarsa daga makaranta, sai ya tafi Palo Alto da ke California, ya kama hayar shago. Kafin shekarar ta ƙare, shafin Fesbuk ya samu masu amfani da yawansu ya haura miliyan guda (Biography, 2019).  Latsa nan ka karanta cikakken tarihin fesbuk.  

Ofishin Fesbuk a Palo Alto

Auratayya

A ranar 19 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2012, mark Zuckerberg ya auri matarsa, mai suna Priscilla Chan, wadda ya haɗu da ita tun cikin shekarar 2004 a jami’ar Harvard. Ita kuma wannan mata, ɗaliba ce a fannin lafiya a lokacin. Daga bisani kuma ta kammala karatunta inda ta fita a matsayin likitar yara (Pediatrician).

A yanzu haka, Mark Zuckerberg yana tare da wannan mata tasa da kuma ‘ya’ya mata guda biyu; Maxima Chan Zuckerberg, wadda aka Haifa a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba na shekarar  2015 da kuma August Chan Zuckerberg wadda aka haifa a ranar  28 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 2017.

Mark Zuckerberg Tare da Iyalansa

Ayyukan Sa-Kai

A cikin shekarar 2015, Mark Zuckerberg da matars Dakta Pricilla Chan suka kafa da gidauniya mai suna Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.

Gidauniya ce da take amfani da fasaha wajen kawar da gagga-gaggan ƙalu-balen da ke fuskantar duniya ta fuskacin gusar da cututtuka, inganta harkar ilimi, tabbatar da adalci a harkokin shari’o’in manya-manyan laifuka a fannoni Ilimi, kimiyya da kuma shari’a da samar da damammaki da sauransu (Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019; Duran, 2019)

Wannan shi ne Mark Zuckerberg.

Manazarta:

---

Bellis M. (2019). Biography of Mark Zuckerberg, Creator of Facebook. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://www.thoughtco.com/mark-zuckerberg-biography-1991135

Biography (2019). Mark Zuckerberg - Facebook, Family & Facts – Biography. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin:
https://www.biography.com/business-figure/mark-zuckerberg

Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (2019). A Future for Everyone. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://chanzuckerberg.com/

Chidurala R. (2016). What are the educational ƙualifications of mark zuckerberg? An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-educational-qualifications-of-mark-zuckerberg

Duran L. (2019). Chan Zuckerberg Initiative launches new program to support rare disease patients. An ciro a shekarar 2019, daga shafin: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/czi-czi061119.php

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2019). Mark Zuckerberg American Computer Programmer and Entrepreneur. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Zuckerberg

Forbes (2019). Billionaires 2019. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/#14a6ece6251c

Smith M. W. da Imbrenda J. P. (2018). A Short Biography of Mark Zuckerberg. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: www.corwin.com

Tarver E. (2018). Mark Zuckerberg Success Story: Net Worth, Education and Influence. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081315/mark-zuckerberg-success-story-net-worth-education-top-quotes.asp

Wikipedia (2019). Mark Zuckerberg. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg

Wikipedia (2019). Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative

Zipkin N. (2018). 23 Weird Things You Didn't Know About Mark Zuckerberg. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/287422