Tarihin Jukanawa

Me ka ke nema?

Shafin Farko

Tarihin Jukunawa

Gabatarwa

Jukun, kalma ce da ke nufin ‘mutum’ a yaren Jukunanci (Okunna da Gausa, 2014), kuma, yare ne da wasu jama’a ke magana da shi. Dukkan wanda ya gaji wannan yare ya zama bajukune, jama’unsu kuma, Jukunawa. Su mutane ne masu karɓar baƙi, son zaman lafiya, son jama’a, biyayya, fafutikar ƙwatar ‘yanci, sannan kuma a lokaci guda jarumai a fagen yaƙi (Taraba Online, 2014). Suna yaƙi da duk nau’o’in danniya da zalunci. Sun kafa daular Kwararrafa tare da haɗin guiwar wasu ƙabilu da suka haɗa da Igala, Ibira Nupe da sauransu. Kwararrafa Daula ce da ta yi yaƙi da wasu daga cikin manyan daulolin ƙasar Hausa kamar irin su Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, da sauransu. Daular da ta ruguje daga baya ta samar da sabuwar daular Jukun Zalla da ke da helikwata a garin Wukarin Jahar Taraba.

Asali

Jukunawa, sun shigo garuruwan baƙaƙe (Bilad Sudan) daga gabas. A tattanawar da muka yi da Martaba Sarkin Pindiga, Alhaji Muhammad Sayoji Ahmad a ranar 13/02/2017, ya shaida mana cewa, Jukunawa sun fito ne daga Yamen, suka shigo ta ƙasar Sudan ta yau, inda suka yada zango a garin Kartum (Khartoum ta Sudan). Daga nan suka rankayo ta gefen kogin Cadi, kama-kama har suka zo Dutsin Bima. Daga wannan Dutsi na Bima ne suka rabu gida biyu; kashi ɗaya daga ciki suka kama hanyarsu tiryan-tiryan har zuwa Dutsen Binga, inda suka kafa wani gari wanda a yau ake kiransa da sunan Yalwa. Nan suka zauna a kan wannan dutse har zuwa lokacin da sarkin Gombe Umaru Kwairanga ya ci su da yaƙi, abin da ya haifar da tarwatsewar su zuwa wasu sassa na wannan yanki har zuwa kusa da kogin Biniwai a wani yanki da ake kira Pi, wanda daga baya ya zama helikwatar daular Kwararrafa.

Dr. Dawuda (2011), da Mac-Leva (2009), sun ruwaito cewa Jukunawa daga Yemen suka zo. Dr. Dawuda (2011) ya ƙara da cewa Jukanawa asalin su Yahudawa ne saboda zuwan Yahudawa Najeriya har garin Wukari, dan gudanar da bincike kan ɓaraguzan kayan yaƙi da suke da alaƙa da su. Sannan kuma ya jaddada cewa su Jukunawa suna da wani salon rubutun da ya ke kama da Hibiranci (Yaren Yahudu).

Amma (Okunna, Emman, Gausa, da Solomon, 2014; Ujorha, 2012), sun haɗu a kan cewa asalin Jukunawa daga ƙasar Misira (Egypt) suke. Inda a Ujorha (2012), aka nuna cewa akwai kamanceceniyar al’adu da addini da Jukanawan Kona da mutanen Tsohuwar Masar, duk da cewa takardar ta ruwaito tsangayar tarihi ta kwalejin gwamnatin tarayya (Federal College of Education) da ke Jalingo ta danganta asalin nasu da Yamen.

Sai kuma ra’ayin Britannica (2010), da suka ambata cewa su Kororofa wata daula ce mai ƙarfi daga Sudan. Wannan ra’ayi na Britannica (2010), ya samu ƙarin haske daga (Okunna, Emman, Gausa, da Solomon, 2014) cewa sun taso ne daga gabas ta tsakiya zuwa Sudan ɗin.


Junawa a cikin shigar a'alada

Saboda haka dai idan muka tattara waɗannan bayanai sai muga cewa asalin Jukunawa daga gabas ta tsakiya ne, suka zo suka zauna a Sudan tun cikin ƙarni na 4, sannan suka shigo ƙasar baƙaƙe inda suka fara yada zango a Kukawa, sannan suka koma Ngazargamu, sai kuma dutsen Mandara,  daga nan sai Mubi ta tsohuwar jahar Gwangola wacce yanzu ta ke cikin jahar Adamawa, sai kuma garin Kilba, sai kogin Hawal duk a jahar Adamawa ta yau. Sai kuma suka zarce zuwa Shane, daga nan sai Pindiga, waɗanda su kuma a yau suke cikin jahar Gombe. Daga nan sai Gwana ita kuma a jahar Bauchi, inda daga ƙarshe suka yada zangon su na ƙarshe a garin Wukari wacce ta zama babban garinsu har zuwa yau ɗin nan (2016). Shi garin wukari yanzu yana cikin jahar Taraba.

Rabe-Raben Jukunawa

Gamgum (2015), ya kawo cewa, daga ƙarni na ashirin zuwa yau, Jukunawa sun rarrabu zuwa kashe-kashe kamar haka:

  1. Jukunawan Asali: waɗannan su ne waxanda basu da wani yare in banda Jukunanci; su ne dukkanin wani mutum wanda iyayensa da kakaninsa jukunawa ne sannan kuma ba shida wani yare sai Jukunanci.
  2. Jaukunawan Dole: waɗannan su ne Jukunawan da suna da yaren su na asali wanda ba Jukunanci ba, amma saboda wasu dalilai suka saka su zama Jukunawa. Dolen da ake nufi a nan tana iya zama ta fuskacin yaƙi kamar bayi da ake kamawa lokacin yaƙi ko kuma ‘yan-ci-rani da ke zuwa cikin Jukunawa su zauna har wani lokaci mai tsawo da ka iya sakawa asalin nasu ya ɓace, saboda haka sai su zamo basu da wani harshen-uwa sai Jukunanci.  
  3. Ƙawayen Jukunawa: waɗannan su ne mutanen da su ke da wani gado ta fuskacin yare da al’adu da asali da daula, kuma suka ci gaba da riƙe wanɗannan al’adu nasu, amma kuma akwai dangantaka ta ƙut-da-ƙut wacce ka iya zama ta zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙi, siyasa, addini, ko wani abu dabam, wacce suka ƙulla dan cimma wannan manufar tare.  Iri waɗannan Jukunawa sun haɗa har da waɗanda suka yarda su bada jiziya dan kuɓuta daga hare-haren yaƙin abokan gaba na cikin ƙarni na goma sha huɗu. Misali, akwai waɗanda suka nemi tallafin Jukunawa dan samun kariya daga hare-haren yaƙuƙuwan Kano, Katsina da Zazzau a cikin shekarun ƙarn5 na g60a sha huɗu.

A tattaunawar mu da Alhaji Gambo Garba, Galadiman Pindiga a ranar 13/02/2017, ya faɗi cewa, Jukunawan Asali sun karkasu zuwa:

  1. Jukun Wukari.
  2. Jukun Pindiga.
  3. Jukun Kona.
  4. Jukun Kuteb

Yaƙuƙuwa

Jukunawa wanda suka samo asali daga Kwararafa, mutane ne masu matuƙar jarumtaka wajen yaƙi, a binciken da muka gudanar, mun ci karo da cewa, Jukunawa sun yi galaba a yaƙin da suka gwambza da manyan daulolin ƙasar Hausa waɗanda suka haɗa da Kano, Katsina, da kuma Zazzau (Northern Nigerian Publishing Company, 1970; Wikipedia, 2016).

Wannan magana muna iya ƙarfafar ta daga sunayen wasu unguwanni guda biyu da ke cikin garuruwan Kano da Zariya. A garin Kano akwai wata unguwa mai suna “Yakasai”, wacce ruwayar kunne-ya-girmi-kaka ta sheda mana cewa kalama ce da ke nufin “Za mu dawo ko muna dawowa” wacce ta fito daga bakin su Jukunawa a lokacin da suka ci Kano da yaƙi. Haka nan kuma akwai unguwa mai suna Tudun Jukun a cikin garin Zariya, wacce ita ma Jukunawa suka kafa ta bayan sun ci garin na Zazzau da yaƙi.

Sarki Ali Mai na Daular Borno, shi ne ya taka musu birki a lokacin da suka kaiwa Ngazargamu harin yaƙi kamar yadda Wikipedia (2016), ta naƙalto a kundin tarihin Katsina (Katsina Chronicle).
Yawan Jama’a.

Duk da ba wani cikakken ƙayadadden adadin yawan Jama’ar Jukunawa, amma dai ana harsashen yawan su ya haura miliyan biyu da rabi (Shishi, 2014). Jukunawa suna zaune cikin garuruwa da dama a  jahohin Taraba, Binuwai, Nassarawa, Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Filato, Adamawa, Gombe da sauran wasu garuruwan a wasu jahohin da yawan su ya kai kusan jahohi 22 a Najeriya da kuma wani yanki na arewacin-yamman  ƙasar Kamaru (North western Cameroon).

Al’adu

Daga cikin manya-manyan al’adun Jukunawa, akwai al’ada mai suna Ukenho, wacce ake gudanar da ita a ƙarshen shekara. Sannan kuma akwai Ungu, da sauran su.

Manazarta:

Dawuda G.A. (2011). Are The Jukuns Jews? Nigerian Masterweb Citizen News. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://nigeriamasterweb.com/blog/index.php

Encyclopædia Britannica (2010). Jukun People. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite.  Chicago.

Gamgum W. A. (2015).Testimony on Kwararrafa/Jukun History in Nigeria. Digital World Multibiz, Amac Plaza, Opp Heritage House, Wuse, Wuse Zone 3, Abuja.

Igidi T. (2013). Ukenho: The sights and sounds of a Jukun carnival. Jaridar Daily Trust. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php

Mac-Leva F. (2009). Nigeria: How Giant Crocodiles Guided Jukun to Kwararafa. Daily Trust. An ciro a chekarar 2016, daga shafi: http://allafrica.com/stories/200906240052.html

Northen Nigerian Publishing Company. (1970). Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu, Littafi na Biyu. Northern Nigerian Publishing Company, Zariya – Najeriya.

Okunna, E da Gausa, S. (2014). Adapting the Jukun Traditional Symbols for Textile Design and Production. Mgbakoigba: Journal of African Studies. Vol. 3. July, 2014

Suleman U. (2007). A History of Birnin ZAria from 1350 – 1902. M.A. History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

Shihi Y.S. (2014). Jukun People of the Kwarrarafa Kingdom the Warriors! The Undefeated! A Brief Historical Antecedent Part 1. Taraba News Onine. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin sada zumunta na Facebook mai adireshin:https://www.facebook.com/TarabaNews Online/posts/607546159331251

Ujorha T. (2012). Did the Jukun originate from Egypt? Daily Trust. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/weekly/index.php

Wikipedia (2016) Kwararafa. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwararafa.

Tattaunawa da Mai Martaba Sarkin Pindiga, Alhaji Muhammad Sayoji Ahmad a ranar 13/02/2017 a Pindiga, Fadar Masarautar Pindiga.

Tattaunawa da Galadiman Pindiga, Alhaji Gambo Garba, a Gidansa da ke Gombe, a ranar 13/02/2017.

Masarautar Wukari

Sarakunan jukunawa

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