Aikin Gona
Gabatarwa
Manomi yana sassabe a gona
Aikin gona shi ne dukkan abin da ya shafi noma da kiwo, wanda idan aka faɗaɗa shi zai zama kenan ya ƙunshi gyaran gona, shuka, noma, kiwon dabobbi, tsuntsaye, kifaye, da sauran abubuwa.
Wannan fanni na aikin gona, fanni ne mai faɗin gaske kuma mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi a duniya. Yana daga cikin sana’o’i na tun dauri. Kuma hanya ce ta samar da cimaka (abinci), makamashi, magunguna, da sauran abubuwa.
Wannan fanni yana daga cikin manyan fannonin da suke samar da ayyukan yi a duniya. Sannan kuma hanya ce ta haɓɓaka tattalin arziqi.
Wannan rubutu da mai karatu ke karantawa zai ɗan yi ƙarin haske ne game da gundarin aikin gona (agriculture).
Ma’anar Aikin Gona (Agriculture)
Masana wannan fanni sun fassara wannan fanni na aikin gona ta hanyoyi da dama. Akwai Microsoft Encarta (2009) da ya kalle shi a matsayin kimiyya, dama, da kuma masana’antar kula da tsirrai da kuma dabbobi dan amfanin ɗan’adam. Su kuma Wikipedia (2016), sun siffanta shi da noman dabbobi, tsirrai, makamashi, magunguna, da sauran abubuwan da ke taimakawa ɗan’adam ya rayu. Shi kuwa farfesa Smith (2009), ya siffanta shi da samar da abinci, abincin dabbobi, makamashi, da sauran abubuwan da ake samarwa ta hanyar noma tsirrai da kiwon dabbobi a hikamce.Rabe-Raben Aikin Gona
Wannan fanni na aikin gona fanni ne mai faɗin gaske. A saboda haka masana wannan fanni sun rarraba shi ta fuskoki da dama. Daga ciki akwai:Akin gona na zamani (industrialized agriculture), da kuma aikin gona na gargajiya (subsistence agriculture)
- Aikin Gona na Zamani (industrialized agriculture): shi ne aikin gonar da ake amfani da kayayyakin fasaha waɗanda ka iya zama inji ko magunguna dan sauƙaƙa harkar aikin gona wanda ka iya zama imma dai kiwo ko noma. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ke samar da sakamako mai yawa kuma cikin sauƙi. Wato kenan wannan ita ce aikin gonan da ake yi dan samun kuɗaɗen shiga.
- Aikin Gona na Gargajiya (subsistence agriculture): shi ne aikin gonar da ake yi dan samar da abincin da iyalai za su ci. Wato muna iya kallon wannan a matsayin qaramar aikin gona wacce burinta bai wuce samar da abincin da iyalai za su ci ba. Ba noma ne neman kuɗi ba.
Manomi yana huɗa da galma
Wasu rabe-raben kuma sun haɗa da:
- Ƙaramin Kiwo (Nomadic Herding): Shi ne irin kiwon da fulani makiyaya suke yi, wacce take hanya ce ta kiwata dabbobi wacce makiyaya ke yi ta hanyar yawo da dabbobinsu zuwa gurin da za su samu isasshen abinci.
- Noma: Shi ne abin da ya shafi noma tsirrai dan samar da cimaka(abinci) wanda ka iya zama kodai dan a sayar ko kuma a a ciyar da iyali.
Manazarta:
Encyclopædia Britannica (2010). Agriculture, origins of. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago.
Microsoft Encarta (2009). Agriculture. Microsoft Encarta, Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, USA.
Smith M.A.K. (2009). General Agriculture. National Open University of Nigeria, No. 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos.
Study (2016). Types of Agriculture: Industrialized and Subsistence Agriculture. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-agriculture-industrialized-and-subsistence-agriculture.html
Wikipedia (2016). Agriculture. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shfain: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture