Shafin Farko

Rubutun Wasiƙa-Turanci


Ma'anar Wasiƙa

Wasiƙa fassara ce ta kalmar Turanci “Letter” wacce ke da ma’ana ta rubutaccen saƙo ko bugagge wanda mafi yawancin lokuta akan saka ta cikin ambulan sannan a aikawa wani mutum, ƙungiya, hukuma da sauransu.

Rabe-Raben Wasiƙa

Wasiƙa ta kasu zuwa rukunnai guda uku kamar haka:
1. Fomal leta: a Turance ana kiranta “formal letter” ko kuma “Official letter”. Kamar yadda sunanta na biyu ya ke, wasiƙa ce da ake rubuta ta akan abin da ya shafi harkar ofis. Takan iya zama tsakanin mutum da mutum wanda ɗaya daga cikinsu kan kasance ofisa ne, ko kuma tsakanin ofis da ofis. Misali, Ado ya rubuta zuwa ga Inuwa, wanda shi kuma Inuwa yana riƙe da wani ofis. Ko kuma misali a ce gwamna ya rubutawa wani gwamnan, ko kuma wata jahar ta rubutawa wata jahar misali, Jigawa ta rubutawa Kano.
Wajen rubuta fomal leta ana rubuta ta da adireshi biyu. Adireshin mai turawa (wanda ya rubuta wasiƙar) daga saman takarda a gefen dama, da kuma adireshin wanda aka turawa daga ƙasa da wancan adireshin na farko a ɓarin hagu.
2. Infomal leta (Informal Letter): Wasiƙa ce ta dangantaka. Ana rubuta wannan wasiƙa zuwa ga abokai, ‘yan’uwa, iyaye, da sauran makamantansu. Wasiƙa ce da ake rubuta ta ga wani mutum da ka sani.
Wajen rubuta wannan wasiƙa adireshi ɗaya ake rubutawa daga sama a ɓarin dama, wanda shi ne adireshin mai turawa (wanda ya rubuta wasiƙar).
3. Semi-fomal leta (Semi-formal letter): Ita wannan wasiƙa ce da ke rigar tsakanin, it aba cikakkiyar fomal leta ba sannan kuma ita ba informal leta ba. Ana rubuta wannan wasiƙa zuwa ga abokan iyaye, malaman makaranta, malaminka na addini, shugaban makarantarka (principal ko waninasa), sai dai idan za ka aika zuwa ga shugaban wata makarantar da ba taka ba, to a nan fomal leta za ka rubuta.

Ɓangarorin Wasiƙa

Wasiƙa tana da ɓangarori kamar haka:
1. Salutation: Ita ce gaisuwa. Akwai bambanci tsakanin yadda ake rubuta gaisuwar fomal leta da kuma ta saunar biyun.
Gaisuwar fomal leta: Yawancin gaisuwar fomal leta takan zamo “Dear Sir” ko kuma “Dear Madam”. Sannan ita kuma semi-fomal leta gaisuwarta takan zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gaishe-gaishen: Misali, idan abokin mahaifi ne sai a ce, “Dear Mr. Ado”. Idan kuma malami ne sai a ce, “Dear Sir, Dear Uncle, Dear Aunty, e.t.c.”.  Gaisuwar infomal leta kuma takan kasance, “Dear brother/sister, Dear Ado, Darling Mother” da sauransu.
2. Gabatarwa (introduction): Gabatarwa ita ce ɓangare na biyu na wasiƙa. A wannan sashe na wasiƙa faɗin dalili ko dalilan rubuta wannan wasiƙa. Nan ma akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin fomal leta da sauran biyun. A cikin gabatarwar fomal leta ana gabatar da kai da kuma faɗin dalilin rubuta wasiƙa. Amma a sauran biyun ba buƙatar gabatar da kai saboda ai dama ana rubuta wasiƙar ne zuwa ga mutumin da ya san mai rubutun.
3. Gundarin wasiƙa (Body): Wannan shi ne asalin ɓangaren da ke ɗauke da cikakkun maganganun da wasiƙar ta ƙunsa. A nan ake faɗin komai.
4. Rufewa (Conclusion): A wannan ɓangare na wasiƙa mai rubuta yake faɗin ra’ayinsa dangane da abin da ya yi rubutu a kai. Wato idan wata matsala ce a wannan guri mai rubutu zai faɗi mafita ko shawararsa. Sannan kuma ya rufe wasiƙar. A nan ma akwai bambanci tsakanin fomal leta da sauran biyun. Wajen rufe fomal leta akan ƙare da cewa “Yours faithfully” ko “Your obedient”, sannan sai a saka hannu (signature), sannan kuma sai suna. Amma a sauran biyu saka hannu ba lallai bane.s

Manazarta:


Novgorod State University. (2016). On the History of English Grammars. An ciro daga: www.novsu.ru/file/1053979

John W. (2013). Pamphlet for Grammar" in 1586. An ciro daga: http://www. lawyerment.com/library/articles/Reference_and_Education/Languages/5995 .htm

Wikipedia (2016). History of English grammars. An ciro daga: https://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/History_of_English_grammars

Eastwood J. (1994). Oxford Guide to English Grammar. Oxford University Press. Walton Street, Oxford 0X2 6DP. Oxford University Press.

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